Heritage Tourism free essay sample

Bali Island, being one of the international tourist destinations of Indonesia has shown evidence of remarkable growth in heritage tourism, due to their dynamic offer of culture and arts. Tourism in Bali started in 1928, when the KPM opened the Bali Hotel in Denpasar, built on the very site of the death (puputan) of the Rajas on 1906. Now, Bali is the most popular spot for leisure activities and cultural heritage exploration. Despite its beautiful natural and built environment, the beauty of Bali is also enriched by the sincerity of its people (Bandem, 2011). Apart from that, as the centre of arts and culture, Bali becomes the magnet that attracts worldwide visitors. Therefore, tourism has radically influence the government of Indonesia to put greater prominence in developing the tourism economy in Bali. However, over expansion will cause the lost of authenticity. Among the significant drawbacks include globalization, as the influence of Western culture will cause revolutionize towards the Balinese heritage and culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Heritage Tourism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Besides, unbalanced and uncontrolled development will too cause negative impact to the tourism industry of Bali. Therefore, this research will determine and analyze the strength and threats of Bali in order to gain an understanding of the situation and eventually search for solutions to be undertaken to sustain the heritage of Bali. Main question What are the strengths of heritage tourism in Bali Island? 1. 2. 2 Subsidiary questions 1. What are the elements and characteristics of cultural arts of heritage tourism? 2. How can arts and culture affects the people and tourists and how can it be measured? 3. What impacts does development of heritage tourism caused to the Balinese? . The purpose of this research is to determine the strength and challenges of the cultural elements of heritage tourism, focusing on the heavenly island of Bali. 1. 3. 1 Objective i) To gain understanding of the framework of heritage tourism focused on the cultural arts elements, including ‘performing arts;, ‘visual arts’, and ‘arts and heritage festivals’. ii) To evaluate the significance of arts and culture towards the Balinese and non-Balinese people. iii) To discuss the problems faced by the Balinese throughout the vastly growth of tourism industry. Â  Heritage tourism can be divided into Cultural, Natural and Built Environment. In this study, we will only focus on three main elements of Cultural, which are performing arts, visual arts and cultural festivals. Secondly, we will also discuss on the impacts and challenges of development in Heritage Tourism. Â  Heritage Heritage is a very broad concept, where many people often misunderstood heritage and heritage as the same term. Basically, both cultural tourism and heritage tourism are two different kinds of tourism that overlap with each other. In this context, we will only focus on heritage. Heritage express the past in the present (Nuryanti, 1996). According to Oxford English Dictionary, heritage is defined as ‘valued objects and qualities such as historic buildings and cultural traditions that have been passed down from previous generations’. Gaffar (1996) explains that heritage cannot be merely considered as a tourist product as it represents the legacy and symbol of our ancestry. 1. 5. 2 Heritage tourism National trust’s definition of heritage tourism is ‘travelling to experience the places and activities that authentically represent the stories and eople of the past and present. It includes historic, cultural and natural resources’. This can be explain that it is a purposeful travel that enables the traveler to learn about history, heritage and lifestyles while contributing to the conservation and restoration of cultural resources and the economic well-being of the community. Heritage tourism can also be characterized as ‘a group of tourism in which the main motivation for visiting a site is based on the place’ heritage characteristics according to the tourists’ perception of their own heritage’(Poria, Butler and Airey, 2001). Heritage tourism can be categorizes into three broad types: ‘cultural’, ‘natural’, and ‘built environment’ (Herbert, 1989). Meanwhile, living culture of heritage tourism can be narrow down to five main segments which are performing arts, visual arts, museums, heritage sites and built environment, arts and cultural festivals, and wine and culinary. 1. 5. 3 Strength Strength is a segment of the SWOT analysis, which is a strategic planning method used to evaluate business or other industry’s venture. According to Recreation Tourism Research Institute, SWOT analysis is a useful resource which may be incorporated into an organizations strategic planning model, which includes Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat. In this context, strength is an internal attributes that are helpful and give advantage to the organization to achieve its objective. According to Management Study Guide, strengths are the qualities that enable organizations to accomplish their mission. These are the basis on which continued success can be made and sustained. Thus, we can say that strengths are the beneficial aspects of the company or the capabilities of an organization. 1. 5. 4 Challenge Challenges are barriers, constraint, or threats, that may cause problems, damage or lost. According to the Institute for Manufacturing, challenge can also be explained as the unfavorable situation in the organization’s environment that is potentially damaging its strategy (Rowe, Mason, Dickel, Mann, Mockler, 1994). It is too the characteristics that prevent or keep away the organization from succeeding their mission and gain full potential. Besides, it also stakes the stability and survival of the organization. 1. 5. 5 Arts Artworks have existed for almost as long as humankind: from early pre-historic to contemporary art. During the Romantic period, art came to be seen as ‘a special faculty of the human mind to be classified with religion and science’ (Gombrich, 2005). Referring to Oxford English Dictionary, art is a concept that explains a diverse range of human activities and the products of those activities, but is often understood to refer to painting, film, photography, sculpture, and other visual media. Music, theatre, dance, literature, and interactive media are included in a broader definition of the arts. Artworks engage an unstable, lower part of the soul, art should be subservient to moral realities, which, along with truth, are more metaphysically fundamental and hence more humanly important than beauty. In the Critique of Judgment, Kant defines art as ‘a kind of representation that is purposive in itself and, though without an end, nevertheless promotes the cultivation of the mental powers for sociable communication. 1. 5. Island and the Balinese Bali is a small diamond shaped island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, nestled between Java to the West and Lombok to the East (Bandem, 2011). The island covers a small area of only 5,632 square kilometers where vast chains of volcanic mountains between 1,350 meters and 3,000 meters high stretch across from West to East end. With a population recorded as 3,891,000 in the 2010 census, the island is hom e to most Indonesia’s small Hindu minorities, which are the Balinese Hinduism. The island’s largest city and administrative centre is the fast growing Denpasar with population of over 530,000. Among some other rapidly growing tourism area includes Kuta, Sanur, and Ubud (Bandem, 2011). Despite its beautiful white sand beaches in the North and exotic black volcanic sand in the West (Sandem, 2011), the island is also surrounded by coral reefs. Bali is also the largest tourist destination in the country, and is renowned for its highly developed arts, including traditional and modern dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking and music.

Free Essays on Shiseido

CASE #14 SHISEIDO COMPANY DECISION FOCUS: Shiseido was founded by Yushin Fukuhara as Japan’s first Western-style pharmacy in 1872, and has shifted back and forth from cosmetics and pharmacy. Established in the Ginza district in Tokyo in 1872, Shiseido is today a global manufacturing and sales corporation in the fields of cosmetics, salons, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, and nutritional products. After inaugurating its global business with sales to Taiwan in 1957, Shiseido began marketing to Europe in 1963 and to the United States in 1965. In Japan, Shiseido has long been considered an important force in the arts through its product designs and advertisements, which were originally overseen by the company’s first president, Shinzo Fukuhara. In 1987, the grandson of the founder took over as president. The same year Shiseido announced a 6 percent decrease in sales and a write-off in inventory of $239 million. In 1998 product mix consisted of cosmetics (74%), toiletries (16%), and other businesses (10%). They began to streamline domestic cosmetics lines to reduce inventory, eliminating products with a consistent turnover, while developing new technology and items. Shiseido’s management policies are embodied in its â€Å"Global No. 1† long-term vision, Shiseido identified three goals: technological excellence, diversified operations, and customer satisfaction. The company uses techniques like brand marketing, store marketing, and area marketing. To prepare itself for a more crowded domestic market, Shiseido is aiming for further overseas expansion, an area in which the company should pay more attention, given that its current foreign sales is only 15 percent of total income. Shiseido is planning to expand its foreign operations and increase its net foreign sales to as much as 25 percent of the total in the fiscal year 2003. Alternative Choices: 1. Establish a dominant position in the domestic cosmetics market. 2.... Free Essays on Shiseido Free Essays on Shiseido CASE #14 SHISEIDO COMPANY DECISION FOCUS: Shiseido was founded by Yushin Fukuhara as Japan’s first Western-style pharmacy in 1872, and has shifted back and forth from cosmetics and pharmacy. Established in the Ginza district in Tokyo in 1872, Shiseido is today a global manufacturing and sales corporation in the fields of cosmetics, salons, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, and nutritional products. After inaugurating its global business with sales to Taiwan in 1957, Shiseido began marketing to Europe in 1963 and to the United States in 1965. In Japan, Shiseido has long been considered an important force in the arts through its product designs and advertisements, which were originally overseen by the company’s first president, Shinzo Fukuhara. In 1987, the grandson of the founder took over as president. The same year Shiseido announced a 6 percent decrease in sales and a write-off in inventory of $239 million. In 1998 product mix consisted of cosmetics (74%), toiletries (16%), and other businesses (10%). They began to streamline domestic cosmetics lines to reduce inventory, eliminating products with a consistent turnover, while developing new technology and items. Shiseido’s management policies are embodied in its â€Å"Global No. 1† long-term vision, Shiseido identified three goals: technological excellence, diversified operations, and customer satisfaction. The company uses techniques like brand marketing, store marketing, and area marketing. To prepare itself for a more crowded domestic market, Shiseido is aiming for further overseas expansion, an area in which the company should pay more attention, given that its current foreign sales is only 15 percent of total income. Shiseido is planning to expand its foreign operations and increase its net foreign sales to as much as 25 percent of the total in the fiscal year 2003. Alternative Choices: 1. Establish a dominant position in the domestic cosmetics market. 2....

New KFC International Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

New KFC International Structure - Essay Example There are numerous sections in the organization that management may be required such as in the Human Resource department, sales and marketing, research and the financial department. Just as with other organizations, there are major considerations for the successful operations of the organization. In this case, I intend to concentrate on increasing the sales of the firm, improving the customer and staff relations as well as minimizing conflict within the running of the firm (Stacks, 2010, p. 128). In increase, the sales there are a number of aspects that I should look into. Firstly, I have to assess the current market needs, against what KFC offers. The aim of the management in this stage is to create a competitive edge. As management, to increase the sales we have to have a proper marketing and advertising strategy, serve the customers and popularize our products. A SWOT analysis is important at this stage to ensure that all the needs of the business are met. The strengths that KFC has to include reputation, a wide point of sales, and an elaborate distribution system and community acceptance. The weaknesses that the management is to work on include a growing number of competitors, ever increasing costs of products and operational costs (Day and Antonakis, 2012, p. 123), dwindling revenue and an overwhelming pressure against the fried foods that compose a large portion of our menu. The opportunities that are presented to KFC include indulgence of organic and healthy foods, cor poration with other firms in other fields such as airlines and sporting organizers. The major threats to the company are the upcoming restaurant businesses and the tendency of customers avoiding the fast foods. In advertising, the best option to take on currently is the IT geared advertisements. The bulk that is KFC’s target is the youth and the middle-aged persons.  

Beloved by Toni Morrison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Beloved by Toni Morrison - Essay Example It is then left up to them to put the pieces together. The use of the juxtaposition approach of the present and past fulfill that purpose of reinforcing the idea that the past continues to exist in the present. The fact that Morrison is putting the story in fragments, puts the story into one piece that is inseparable . He forces his reader to put the pieces back together. He puts them in a position where they are forced to think of the pieces. The readers are also further forced to think and consider the worth of each piece. When it comes to the style that has been used in the novel, Morrison’s artistry is considered to be nothing but breathe taking. Beloved is a novel that is very complex, and the plot is mainly told by use of flashbacks, which incorporates stories that retold in different perspectives. The novel has a loose structure that was intentionally assigned to it. The plot does not flow in a straight line. The plot meanders, with several flashbacks though forty year since the time when Sethe was born in the year 1835, till when the novel comes to an end in 1875. The plot of the novel revolves around 1873. With the arrival of Paul D in 124 Bluestone , a number of flashbacks come into play. The reason for this is the fact that Paul D and Sethe constantly tend to dwell on a number of issues about their lives. Although the setting of the novel is in 124 Bluestone, the flash backs take the reader to a number of locations, with the inclusion of Kentucky, where Hale, Sethe and Paul D were slaves on a plantation that was known as sweet home plantation. The story goes as far as to the Ohio river, which serves as a line of demarcation between states of slaves, the free states in addition to the place that Denver was born. The flash backs go as far as Delaware, where a weaver woman lived with Paul D for a number of years. Back to the clearing, where the preaching of Baby Suggs was done to the black people, to encourage them to develop a love for themselve s, and finally to the lands that were outside sweet home, which is where Paul D and Sixo were captured, and sadly where Sixo met his end and was burnt. The flashbacks are mainly a means of storytelling, which is also a means for the slaves to be able to cope with some of their repressed memories of the past. As the characters remember their stories, it gives the novel a different twist. At the end of the novel, all the pieces fit together. The structure of the novel is a compound of ever-changing perspectives. All the characters, with the inclusion of the dead ones and those that are half alive, have a section of the story in which they tell. At one instance, Paul D and Sethe share flashbacks that are eventually combined into one, (chapter two). There is also an instance in which the point of view transitions gently between four of the characters who are white. Their conversation is a revelation of how some people may view slaves as nothing other than tamed animals. The variance in the various perspectives creates a tapestry of interesting individuals, who are linked with the present and the past, into forming a community. Another perfect example is the instance in which Paul D and Sethe give their narration of the experience of the corn field. Another instance is made the four men on horses when to Sethe. The use of this mechanism dares to challenge the idea of the singularity, which presents history in an objective manner. Perhaps

Sustainable Management Futures. Free Markets and Governments Essay

Sustainable Management Futures. Free Markets and Governments - Essay Example Some scholars go to the extent that the government shouldn’t even engage in public spending on health, education and other necessities. ( Reisman, J., 1998) With such a non-egalitarian orientation, the government’s role in a free market system is confined to the role of a spectator while the market ensures that the efficient businessmen are rewarded with profits. -THE SOCIAL COSTS OF THE INVISIBLE HAND Classical economists such as Adam Smith claim that a free market is bound to create growth, that the invisible hand in an unregulated market fosters growth of efficient market mechanisms. Even after almost three centuries having passed by after the evolution of this notion, the free market is still deemed as an ideal model, but its promised benefits to society are now being viewed as rather utopian in nature. The dynamics of an unregulated free market are seen as quite reminiscent of Social Darwinism. The market favors the efficient few who own the means of production. ( Stiglitz, J., 2011) The free market functions in such a way that formation of separate classes is inevitable. Much attention has been paid to the rise of the industrial bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The former owning the means of production and making profits, while the former providing labor and earning wages. While the free market is said to have provided opportunities for both, the sheer magnitude of the unequal share of rewards has raised skepticism to the social benefits of a free market. -FREE MARKETS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD The recent global economic crisis is said to have been the result of unregulated free markets. The role of governments is now being brought into perspective again, as the government is the very entity that is assisting in stabilizing the markets with massive bailout packages. The enormous growth rates exhibited during the pre-recession period were phenomenal, but a retrospective analysis suggests that they were unsustainable. The major fuel for recent economic growth has been the availability of capital. Lenient credit policies have paved way for expanding markets but not much attention has been paid to the costs of such confidence based growth. The common man, encouraged by growth-driven corporations has increased consumption, with the assumption that incomes will rise simultaneously. This spiral might exist for a limited time, but when it stops, the market eventually collapses. Unregulated economic growth has led to the resurfacing of a plethora of subprime lending and major Ponzi schemes. (Stiglitz, J.,2011 ) Economic growth does in fact lead to improving social indicators. Ever since capitalism has become the popular form of economic governance around the world, per capita inflation-adjusted income has risen from $5,400 in 1980 to $8,500 in 2005. (Shleifer, A., 2009) While educational and health figures have improved, the north-south orientation of this growth has been noticed as well. While social indicators have improved i n some areas and strata of the population, other portions remain unaffected. For instance, the top 1% of the income earners in United States have 24% share in the overall incomes generated. (Timothy, N. 2010) -THE NEED OF A MEDIATOR- THE GOVERNMENT: The concept of a welfare state arises from the notion that the

Freedom Writers Diary Analysis Diary 34 English Literature Essay

Freedom Writers Diary Analysis Diary 34 English Literature Essay The Freedom Writers Diary was one of my favorites books I have read so far. I could really relate to a lot of these stories and I felt like I knew them on a personal level. The diary entry I related the most with was Diary number thirty-four Teenage Alcoholism. I once had to deal with an addiction similar to what the writer did, the writer really opened up my eyes to what is really going on in high school and that I am not the only one who deals with situations like this, I noticed that I was thinking and feeling the same things she felt. This diary entry really made me feel like my life is on the right path, and reminded me of how far I have come to get here. Now granted that alcohol addiction and painkiller addiction are two different things physically, there are uncanny and many similarities emotionally. In The Freedom Writers Diary, diary number thirty-four has a feeling of hopelessness, I have been doing it for so long, its just a daily routine like getting up in the morning, going to the bathroom, and brushing your teeth (Freedom Writers Diary, by: Erin Gruwell, p. 67) I felt like this also sometimes, like this is my life it is never going to change, just deal with it. She also had an image to up hold and the fact that she knew that image was false made her feel bad about herself Im more disappointed in myself for the way Im tricking people into believing that Im something Im not . Since Ive been in Ms. Gruwells class, everyone thinks I am Little Miss Goodie Goodieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. If they only knew that on the inside I am just barely keeping it together. (p. 67). She and I both felt like we were living a life that was meant for some one else, like there is no way I could have let my life spiral this far out of control, what have I done to myself. I also like her felt like no one would like the real, the sober, me I am living a lie. I am struggling with a deep secret-being a closet drinker.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. I fear that people will not like the sober me. (p. 67). So we continued with our lives as they were, until one day enough was enough I wanted my life back I and was going to take it back no matter what or who stood in my way. I have come so far to get where I am today and I have worked so hard but that only makes me appreciate all I have accomplished that much more. I can only hope that Diary number 34 felt the same way and got her life back too. Addiction is a nasty, horrible, disgusting monster. It will build and build inside you until one day it explodes and comes out to play, but you do not believe in monsters, such things are for childrens fairy tale books, until that is, this monster knock you in the face and on to your butt. And when you get back up on your feet you realize that it was not a monster it was you standing in your own way.

United Nations Millennium Development Goal Essay examples -- World Is

Target C of the seventh United Nations Millennium Development Goal is to ‘halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation’ (UN, 2000). With the present model of sanitation, the flush toilet, it is not viable to provide basic sanitation for everyone, as flush toilets are grossly inefficient in developing countries. They require large amounts of water and sewage infrastructure to function, two things increasingly difficult to possess in developing countries (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 2011). This lack of basic sanitation leads to defecation and urination in unsafe locations, such as streams and rivers, which contaminate the water supply. The unsafe urination and defecation increases the incidence of fecal-oral contamination and occurrence of other communicable diseases. It also forces the poor villagers to walk farther in search of uncontaminated water sources. However, interventions and the redevelopment of the sanitation system can bring numerous positive changes to developing countries, where present knowledge and development of sanitation is poor. Optimum benefit from sanitation interventions can be achieved if the communities are made aware of the connection between hygiene practices, poor sanitation, polluted water, and disease (UNHRC, 2011). The redevelopment of the sanitation system is essential for developing countries; however, the global community must overcome deep-seated challenges to guarantee enduring success. The redevelopment of the sanitation system, particularly the reinvention of the toilet is an efficient and significant way of improving health, hygiene, and women’s education and personal safety. Currently, 40% of the world’s popul... ... problem of implementation by spending more money on education and actual procurement of the reinvented toilets rather than the administration. It is great to take the increased education of the developing country to our advantage by using the school children to spread the message about sanitation to their families and deep into their communities. School Environment and Sanitation and Rural India states that â€Å" The best way to break bad practices is to cultivate good practices and childhood is the best time for that as children are receptive to all influences† (Majra and Gur, 2010). From these two suggestions for implementation, it seems very logical that the global community should focus on providing access to proper sanitation facilities at schools and on providing water, hygiene, and environment education at primary schools to spread further the reinvented toilet.

Technology: Ruining Our Future Generations?

Patricia Gilpin Mrs. Rakauskas ENC 1101-06B 3 May 2011 Technology: Ruining our Future Generations? When the computer made its first appearance in America, it was about the size of a room and not many people had access or any knowledge on how it is used. Today, technology has advanced to the point that everything can be accessed by a cell phone the size of a deck of cards, or even smaller. Technology has become an amazing way to connect to information and people that would otherwise be unavailable, but has it taken over?If technology comes to an abrupt stop and crashes will the nation know what to do? Have they become too used to the aspect of having the world at such an easy grasp that they’ve forgotten how to live without it? Kids are inside delving into fantasy worlds by means of video games, and online networking cites such as Facebook instead of going outside and enjoying sports and adventuring with friends. Technology is allowing society to lose sight of reality, and alth ough the means of receiving technology are now smaller than ever, technology itself has become a giant that needs to be stopped.Technological advances are evident while looking around anywhere in the world today. Cars now have the ability to parallel park themselves, cell phones can pinpoint exact locations, robots are starting to be used to assist in surgeries, and more advances like this are made on a day to day basis. Technological advances make work easier and quicker for a lot of occupations, and it allows for endless possibilities in the medical and health care system. These advances have allowed humans to reach a height of intelligence that otherwise would’ve been impossible.It has allowed for discoveries, innovations, and changes that are positive. Those positive changes and innovations are going to continue to amaze the world, but with all these advances it’s hard to imagine a life without technology that, not too long ago, was a reality. Technology rose to ne w heights with the first computers and cell phones, and has very quickly transformed adding things like internet, media, iPods, laptops, smart phones, and robots.Many children growing up with all these technological advances have never experienced a world without them, and probably wouldn’t know what to do if the time came that technology disappeared. Just a decade ago, children used to be outside at parks playing sports, adventuring, and using their imagination to delve into the world for the first time. Today 80 percent of children are obese and spend their time in front of their computers and xbox, delving into a world that’s not real. They see themselves in video games doing things that they could never do in reality.Besides opening up their eyes to intense violence, video games have replaced the need for children to get out of their house and join activities. Internet and networking cites have allowed children and adults alike to become the self that they could ne ver actually be. If they can be all they’ve dreamed about in a virtual reality, why would they want to actually go outside and join a society that is a lot less accepting then their virtual world? In 2012 a video game for the xbox Kinect is being introduced called Project Milo.The xbox Kinect is the latest technological advance for video games, and has a full body sensor that picks up the player’s body movements and can transfer them to the screen. Essentially, the player becomes the controller. Milo is a virtual friend that can recognize the player and their emotions, and he has a vocabulary that allows him to actually understand and have intelligent conversations with the player. The player can walk in place in front of the screen and go for a walk with Milo to a lake, where they can view their own reflection.Milo tells the player about his day, and the player shares information about theirs. Milo has the potential to be very destructive to any child who is picked on , and has troubles or fears about meeting new friends. With a video game like Milo, these children don’t have to face their fears of going and meeting friends when they can just go home and hang out with their buddy Milo. If these basic steps like facing fears and learning how to talk and connect with actual people aren’t reached during development, where will that lead our future generations?Besides being obese, a majority of adolescence who decide to play this game will lose their ability to function in a real society. Most children have also been around technology for their whole lives and don’t know a life without it. Children are our future, and they need to be taught how the world works when it’s a little more difficult than clicking a button to get the answers they’re striving for. In 2000 the world was up in arms when they thought computers were going to crash as the millennium turned, this event was referred to as the Y2K.Panic arose and p eople were locking themselves in their houses with food stocked up, riots happened in the streets, and many people were sincerely scared at the thought that all technology was going to crash. Luckily, 2000 came and went with no major Y2K event, and technology has continued to advance. Just because the Y2K didn’t happen in 2000, doesn’t mean that there won’t be a time when computers do crash. Whether its weather, war, or simply electricity overloads, the threat of technology suddenly disappearing is too real to ignore.Children who have never lived in a world without technology will soon be adults, and they need a reality check that an event like this could happen any day. To help lower the risk associated with technological advances, students should be taught what to do in if a situation like this occurs- they are our future. There should be more programs that don’t just give the option, but require students to go outside and broaden their imagination with sports, arts and crafts, music, and all the activities that technology is slowly taking away from the youth.Kinect, although an amazing advance for video games, should not put out something like a virtual friend- there is no need for it. Technological advances are great in medicine, media, and work environments everywhere but that doesn’t mean it should take the place of actual human contact and relationships. If it’s allowed to do that, there will be a dim future to look forward to, or in this case, look down upon. Gilpin

Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their view of human personality

Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their view of human personality Introduction: The meaning of personality Personality is a term that refers to unique, relatively stable aspects of a given character . Personality normally deals with a wide range of human behavior. To most theorists, one can conclude that personality includes virtually everything about a person: mental, emotional, social, and physical. It is worth mentioning that there are certain aspects of human beings that may not be observable.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their view of human personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These include aspects such as thoughts, memories and dreams. On the other hand, there are certain aspects which are observable. These include overt actions. In addition to this, personality also includes aspects which might be concealed to oneself. These are termed as conscious or unconscious aspects which are normally within our awareness. Theories of pers onality There are many theories which have been put across in an attempt to explain the nature of a man. It is worth noting the fact that there are four criteria that a theory of personality should satisfy: description, explanation, prediction and control of behavior. Human behavior can be considered to be quite complicated. In this case, a coherent and clear theory enables a person to be able to bring order out of this chaos. A good personality theory explains the phenomena under study. It offers answers to such significant questions as the causes of individual differences in personality, why people are different in their own right and also why other people seem to be pathological as compared to other people. To most psychologists, the litmus test of a theory is the ability of the theory to predict future events and behaviors among the human beings. A valuable theory usually leads to important practical applications. It facilitates control and change of the environment, for example , by bringing about better techniques of parenting, education, or even psychotherapy. There are several theories which have been postulated in this light. These theories have been postulated by several psychologists who have attempted to explain the nature of man. In this case, we are going to be looking at two main theorists. These are Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. The Psychoanalytic theory Freud named his theory Psychoanalysis. This term is also used to denote the form of psychotherapy that Freud originated. In essence, this theory is based on the belief that people could be cured when their thoughts, which were unconscious, were brought to a conscious state and thus they were able to know what they were going through.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was important because it enabled them to gain insight of what they were going through in the course of life. The m ain focus of this theory was to enable people to release repressed emotions and experiences. Psychoanalytic theory is a theory which is based on the concept that forces motivating behavior is derived from the unconscious mental processes. The common occurrence of perception implies that much of our personality is usually beyond what we can call our immediate awareness. Freud concluded that most of our personality which was largely influenced by our mental activity was unconscious. This implies that it cannot be called to mind even with great effort. Information that is not conscious at a given moment, but which can readily become so, is described as preconscious. The preconscious is considered to be closer to the conscious because it is largely within our control. Freud’s major theories of the mind follow. The topographic theory of the mind In this case, the mind is made up of the unconscious mind. This mind contains repressed thoughts and feelings. These feelings and thought s are usually unavailable to the unconscious mind. In this case, primary process is a type of thinking which is associated with primitive drives, wish fulfillment and pleasure. This does not involve logic and time. On the other hand, the dreams represent gratification of the unconscious instinctual impulses and wish fulfillment. Secondly, the preconscious mind contains memories that, although not readily available, they can be accessed by the conscious mind. Lastly, the conscious mind contains thoughts that a person is currently aware of but does not have access to the unconscious mind. The structural theory of the mind According to this theory, the mind is divided into three parts. That is the id, ego and superego. The id is usually present at birth. This represents the instinctual drives that a person has. These include the sexual urges and drives. In addition, this structural component is characterized with pleasure principle. In essence, the id is not influenced by circumstances that might be taking place in the external environment at all. The ego begins to develop at birth. This component controls the id in order to adapt to the changes which are taking place outside the world. It is the component that uses reality testing in order to make sense of what is going on around the world. It brings a balance between the super ego and id in the course of life.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their view of human personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The superego is a component which begins to develop about 6 years of age. It is the component which controls the id. It is usually associated with the moral values and the conscience. The intra-psychic conflict occurs or takes place among the components of the mind. That is, the id, ego and super ego. This conflict is usually a direct result of behavior which might need justification in order to obtain bala nce. These conflicts at times lead to changes in personality as a person develops and learns to cope with the events within the environment. Personality development Sigmund Freud developed five stages which he argued determined how a person’s personality develops over time. According to this theory, when a child is born, his or her center of pleasure revolves on the mouth. This is associated with activities such as suckling, chewing and biting. From one to three years, the centers of pleasure shift to the anal. This implies that the child derives her source of pleasure through defecating. The third stage is the phallic stage; this takes place between three to six years. During this stage, the children derive sexual pleasure through stimulating their genitals. At this stage, the Electra and Oedipus complexes emerge. The fourth stage is the latency stage. During this stage, the sexual urges are rechanneled to school work. The child, at this stage, internalizes societal values a nd the environment where one grows. Lastly, there is the genital stage, this is marked by the emergence of adolescence. It is worth noting that according to this theory, when a person does not fulfill the demands and pleasures at each stage, the person becomes fixated. Some of these traits later emerge in adulthood. Application of psychoanalysis This is a therapeutic approach which utilizes various techniques in order to ensure that the client is properly treated. These approaches include free association, resistance analysis, transference analysis and dream analysis. These techniques are used to treat anxiety disorders such as phobias. In addition, these techniques are used to treat people who have depression. In this approach, treatment is a process which entails encouraging the client to speak and share their experiences. However, there is caution when it comes to dealing with transference and counter-transference issues when dealing with a client.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Psychoanalysis as a scientific theory The scientific status of this theory has been under scrutiny by many. This debate has been raging on. This is because the basis of this theory is on the unconscious activities. These are activities which are not empirical. Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist, called his new approach Analytical Psychology. This was done so that he could differentiate it from Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. Like Freud, he emphasized the unconscious determinants of personality. However, he had a different approach to the state of affairs when he proposed that the unconscious consists of two layers. The first layer, he called it the Personal Unconscious, is essentially the same as Freud’s version of the unconscious. According to Jung, the personal unconscious houses material from one’s life that is within one’s conscious awareness because it has been repressed or forgotten. In addition, Jung theorized that t he existence of a deeper layer he called the Collective Unconscious. Essentially, the collective unconscious is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people’s ancestral past that is shared with the entire human race. Jung called these ancestral memories Archetypes. They are not memories of actual personal experiences. Instead, archetypes are emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning. These archetypal images and ideas show up frequently in dreams and are often manifested in culture’s use of symbols in art, literature, and religion. Jung felt that an understanding of archetypal symbols helped him make sense of great concern to him because he depended extensively on dream analysis in his treatment of patients. Let us have a detailed look at this theory. Therapy Jung contributed much to this field. Key among his contributions wes the use of the personality typologies to foster understanding and reduce interpersonal conflicts, an d the use of dreams to enhance personal growth and highlight important aspects of the dreamer’s life and journey. Contrary to Freud, he believed that the person who had the dream was the most likely person to ultimately understand what it meant. He was always willing to work with patients to help them to interpret their dream. According to him, there was no right interpretation, however, believed that the dream was rightly interpreted when it made sense to the client. Jung’s religious upbringing and exploration of diverse religious perspectives made him be sensitive and open to spiritual and religious possibilities. Jung held the belief that the voices people hear in the dreams may not be of their own making, rather they came from a source which was transcending us. Synchronicity This was a term which was coined by Jung to explain the occurrence of events which seemed to be coincidental. He coined this term to refer to seemingly accidental life events that are tied tog ether by the meanings we give them. These are acausal happenings, episodes that do not seem to follow the normal cause and effect processes. One can almost feel the flow of the interconnections and sometimes even laugh at them. Essentially, Jung describes synchronicity in relation to his own etymological analysis of the linguistic unconscious of the term, finding the association with simple simultaneity. In this case, simultaneity as a term lacks the element of recognition that generates meaning due to mutuality of physical and psychological states. Synchronicity, in Jung’s case, created the impression that some simultaneous activities which occurred in light of one or more external events appeared to be meaningful to a person subjective state. Personality types Jung described eight personality types, each characterized by a predominance of one of the four functions, used in either extraverted or introverted attitude. According to Jung, people can be classified using the huma n mental functions, that is, seeing – intuition and thinking – feeling, a person’s attitude, which is, extraversion – introversion. In essence, according to him, a person’s personality is derived from certain dimensions which include extraversion and introversion sensing and intuition thinking and feeling judging and perceiving. When establishing a personality type, there is an acronym which is used according to this theory. This is the ISTJ which can be decoded to imply introvert, sensing, thinking and judging or ENFP which might be construed to imply extravert, intuitive, feeling and perceiving. This typology is used to determine the personality type. Personality structure According to Jung, the structural nature of personality reflected a redefined and expanded view of the unconscious mind. In this theory, the conscious ego is the center of conscious awareness of the self. The major functions of the conscious ego are to make the individual awa re of his or her internal processes, for instance, thoughts or feelings off pain and the external world that is, surrounding noises through sensation and perceptions at a level of awareness necessary for day to day functioning. Personal unconscious This is directly next to the ego and it is completely below conscious awareness, Jung called it the personal unconscious region of the mind. Its contents included all those thoughts, memories, and experiences that were momentarily not being though about or were being repressed because they were too emotionally threatening. In his description, he came up with a complex which implies a collection of thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and memories that center on a particular concept. The collective unconscious In this case, the collective unconscious was conceptualized as being transpersonal in nature. According to him, a person’s mind contains an unconscious region which is shared by all people. This region is usually developed over time and it is usually transferred from one generation to another. The principal function of this wisdom in the collective unconscious is to predispose individuals to respond to certain external situations in a given manner. This maximizes the development of the individual. There are several aspects which are associated with this aspect. They include the archetypes; these are universal thoughts, symbols, or images having a large amount of emotion attached to them. Their special status come from the importance they have gained across the many generations and the significant role they play in day to day living. For example, the archetype of the mother is an image of a nurturer. The persona is an archetype which develops over time as a result of the tendency to adopt the social roles and norms that go along with living with other people. The animus and anima are the aspects which bring out the aspect of being male or feminine. The shadow, on the other hand, represents the dark and the more primitive side of the personality. The self is considered to be among the important archetypes because is that which predisposes the individual to unite all of the other aspects to bring out an individual. Conclusion In conclusion, both Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung had a similar perspective regarding human personality. In this sense, they embraced the fact that the unconscious mind played a major role towards personality development. They also had a similar approach to treating patients in their approaches. However, their background influenced their differing views to a great extent. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the differences which ensued from their practice and theory had contributed a great deal to the field of psychology. References Ewen, R. B. (2003). An introduction to theories of personality. New York: Routledge. Sommers-Flanagan, J., Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2004). Counseling and psychotherapy theories in context and practice:skills, strategies, and techniques. New Yo rk: John Wiley and Sons.

WRITING FOR THE WEDDING MARKET

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Human Resource Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resource Planning - Essay Example At the moment, the organization needs to hire competent individuals that are capable of providing the services. The problem of limited cash flows is affecting the recruitment process; the company simply cannot pay for quality services. In the coming years, the organization will be in dire need of individuals that are capable of promoting the company’s image to attract more donors. Currently, the cash flows are dwindling, and it is negatively effecting everything that the company does. The company needs healthy donations to effectively run its operations. Relying solely on volunteers is harmful to ‘going concern’ of the company. First and foremost, Juanita needs to get her authority, and power expanded. Without the power to effectively manage people and resources she will remain ineffective, and the company will never get out of hot waters. Juanita is already on the right track. Instead of making frequent appointments, she has setup her group over the email, and she is in touch with them. Juanita is new, and she is learning more about the company every day. The first step is obviously meeting the company personnel and assuring them that the HR manager is there to help achieve better results for the company. The first step towards improving employee performance is to cut the dead weight. Juanita did her research and found that there are people in the company who do not have any significant work, but they are still getting the paychecks. If the company carries on the same pattern it will have ripple effects as others will see that idlers are getting paid for doing nothing so why should they work so hard. Second, the company needs to formulate its HR policy exactly according to the laws that apply to a Non for Profit organization. This will help promote the better image of the company as new recruits will notice that the company operates in accordance with

Critical analysis of PSED (key person role-adult child relationship)in Essay

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